This Week In Black History Feb 26-March 4, 2025

• FEBRUARY 26

1920—Dr. Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950) founds the first nationally orga­nized celebration of Black American his­tory (then called Negro History Week), which was first celebrated on this day in 1926. Woodson scheduled the week to co­incide with the birthdays of Civil War Presi­dent Abraham Lincoln and Black abolition­ist Frederick Douglass. However, in 1976, Negro History Week was expanded into the current day Black History Month. For his efforts in promoting knowledge of Black historical achievements Woodson became known as the “Father of Black History.” In explaining the need for the celebration, Woodson once said, “Those who have no record of what their forebears have accom­plished lose the inspiration which comes from the teaching of biography and histo­ry.”

1964—Heavyweight boxing champion Cassius Clay changes his name to Mu­hammad Ali after rejecting Christianity and joining the Elijah Muhammad-led Nation of Islam.

• FEBRUARY 27

1748—This is the probable birth date of Prince Hall—the “Father of Black Ma­sons.” Hall was a veteran of America’s war of independence from England, founder of the first African-American Masonic lodges and one of the most prominent Black lead­ers of his era. The charter for the first Black Masonic lodge was granted on Sept. 29, 1784. It was known as African Lodge #459 of Boston.

1869—Congress adopts the 15th Amend­ment to the United States Constitution making it illegal for the U.S. government or any state to “deny or abridge” the right to vote “on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.” This was one of the so-called “Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th & 15th)” which essentially ended slavery, made Blacks full U.S. citizens and guaranteed the right to vote.

1872—Charlotte E. Ray graduates from the Howard University Law School becom­ing the first Black female lawyer in the Unit­ed States. It also appears that she was the third female lawyer of any race. She was admitted to the Washington, D.C., bar the same year she graduated. But racism and sexism prevented her from making a living as a lawyer in the nation’s capital, so she moved to New York and got a job with the Brooklyn school system.

• FEBRUARY 28

1708—One of the first recorded slave revolts in American history takes place on Newton, Long Island (New York). Seven Whites are killed. In retaliation, two Black male slaves and one Indian male slave were hung, while one Black female slave was burned alive.

1879—A date considered by many to mark the beginning of the great “Exodus of 1879,” when thousands of Blacks be­gin fleeing racism, violence and econom­ic exploitation in the South for new lives in the Midwest, especially Kansas. One of the most prominent organizers of the ex­odus was former Tennessee slave Benja­min “Pap” Singleton. An estimated 20,000 Blacks took part in the exodus. They were driven in part by the Homestead Act which promised free land. But by 1880, efforts had already begun to curtail the movement of Blacks to the Midwest. In 1881, Pap Single­ton was hauled before a Senate investiga­tive committee looking into his role in the exodus.

1989—Philip Emeagwali is awarded the Golden Bell Prize for solving one of the 20 most difficult problems in computer sci­ence. The prize is widely considered the “Nobel Prize of Computing.” The feat of the Nigerian-born computer scientist involved, at the time, the world’s fastest computer computation—a staggering 3.1 billion cal­culations per second. He figured out how oil flows underground and thus better en­abled companies to extract it.

• MARCH 1

1739—The British government is forced to sign a peace treaty with the Jamaican Maroons. The Maroons were escaped slaves or, to put it another way, Africans who refused to be slaves. When the Span­ish lost Jamaica to the British in 1665, they freed many of their slaves and called them Maroons or “wild.” The Maroons set up villages, were frequently joined by oth­er escaped slaves and eventually began to wage a highly successful guerrilla war against the British. Under the terms of the peace treaty, the Maroons were designat­ed a free people and given 1,500 acres of land.

1780—Pennsylvania becomes perhaps the first state to abolish slavery. There is some confusion about the effective dates of the laws passed during this period, which called for the gradual elimination of slavery. The honor of being the first state to ban slavery may actually go to Vermont.

1875—Congress enacts the first Civil Rights Bill. It granted Blacks the right to equal treatment in inns, on public trans­portation, in theaters and places of amuse­ment. However, with the end of the pro­gressive Reconstruction period, Jim Crow laws were passed throughout the South which largely ignored the Civil Rights Bill. African Americans did not regain most of the rights granted in 1875 until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.

1927—Entertainer and political activist Harry Belafonte is born Harold George Belafonte on this day in Harlem, N.Y., to Jamaican immigrant parents. Belafonte de­veloped an early flair for entertainment and in the post-World War II period, he became one of the most popular vocalists in Amer­ica and made Calypso popular throughout the nation. In 1959, he became the first Af­rican American to win an Emmy. However, from the 1960s forward he mixed his enter­tainment career with active participation in the Civil Rights Movement and other social causes. He has been a frequent critic of Republican conservatism and conservative Blacks. In 2002, he was accused of label­ing Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice “house niggers” for their support of Pres­ident Bush’s right wing domestic and for­eign policies.

1967—On this day in Black history, the U.S. House of Representatives expelled flamboyant and outspoken Black New York Rep. Adam Clayton Powell Jr. from Con­gress for allegedly misappropriating funds. However, in June 1969, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the expulsion unconstitu­tional and Powell returned to Congress, but without his seniority. He lost his seat to current Representative Charles Rangel in 1970 and Powell died on April 4, 1972. During his most powerful years in Con­gress, Powell headed the House Labor and Education Committee and used his powers to help pass a wide range of civil rights and progressive social legislation.

• MARCH 2

1807—Congress passes legislation ban­ning the slave trade. The law which was to go into effect on Jan. 1, 1808 prohibited the importation of slaves into the U.S. or any of its territories. Despite the law, however, the illegal importation of slaves continued for years. The best available records suggest that the very last slave ship arrived in the U.S. in 1859 off the coast of Mobile, Ala. The ship was called the Clothilde.

1896—Ethiopia defeats Italy at the battle of Adowa (also called Adwa). It was one of the few successful military victories of Afri­cans over Europeans as the latter attempt­ed to colonize and economically exploit the African continent. The nominal head of the Ethiopian forces was Emperor Menelik II, but the lead general was Ras Makon­nen—father of the man who would become next Emperor Haile Selassie. The battle, which began on March 1, 1896, would leave 6,000 Italians and 10,000 Ethiopians dead. But the victory forced Europe to recognize Ethiopia as an independent and sovereign nation, as well as, give inspiration to Blacks worldwide who were fighting for freedom.

• MARCH 3

1968—The infamous COINTELPRO mem­orandum is sent to FBI field offices around the country. COINTELPRO was a govern­ment counter intelligence program aimed at disrupting and destroying Black, peace and anti-war groups. The March 3 memo­randum specifically called on FBI agents to infiltrate militant Black organizations and employ various tactics to prevent them from growing individually or uniting with one another. The agents were also told to do whatever was necessary to prevent the rise of a “Black Messiah” who could “electrify and unify” Black people. Approx­imately one month after the COINTELPRO memorandum was issued, Civil Rights Movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tenn. When the COINTELPRO documents were discov­ered by a reporter in the 1970s, suspicion increased that the FBI and its long-time Di­rector J. Edgar Hoover were in some way involved with the killing of King.

1991—Motorist Rodney King is brutally beaten by a group of Los Angeles police officers. Unknown to them, the beating was caught on video tape. However, a year later (April 29, 1992) when a jury in Simi Valley, Calif., with no Blacks on it found four White officers not guilty of all charges related to the beating, riots erupted in Los Angeles leaving millions of dollars in damage, near­ly 50 people dead and more than 300 in­jured. Ultimately, two of the officers were convicted on federal civil rights charges and King received a financial settlement from the city of Los Angeles. It was during this period that King uttered his signa­ture statement: “Why can’t we all just get along?”

• MARCH 4

1877—Inventor and scientist Garrett A. Morgan is born in Paris, Ky. Among his ma­jor inventions were the gas mask and the automatic traffic signal. He made history on July 25, 1916 when he used his gas mask to rescue 32 men trapped in a mine explosion beneath Lake Erie. The U.S. Army also used the gas mask to save lives during World War I. Morgan died in 1963.

1922—Comedic great Bert Williams dies of pneumonia in New York City at the age of 46. What Jackie Robinson did for Blacks by breaking the color barrier in major league baseball, Williams did on the American stage. He was a comic, singer, writer and producer who spent 10 of his 25 years in show business performing with the famous Ziegfield Follies. W.C. Fields once referred to him as “the funniest man I ever saw.” Wil­liams was born Egbert Austin Williams in the Bahamas.